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Best Free Online PLC Simulators (2026)

Free, browser-based PLC simulators compared — no install, no license. Ladder and structured text tools for beginners, ranked honestly with a comparison table.

PLC Simulation Software9 min read

Best free online PLC simulators 2026 compared — browser-based, no install

You do not need a multi-gigabyte vendor download to start learning PLC programming. A handful of free simulators now run entirely in a browser, and a few more are free to install. You can write a real ladder rung, watch it scan, and debug a sequence without a license key or an industrial controller on your desk.

This guide compares the genuinely useful free options as of 2026 — what runs in a browser, what is free versus trial-only, and which one fits your goal. We are one of the tools on this list, so we will be upfront about it: where another simulator is the better pick for your use case, we say so.

If you also want paid, install-based trainers in the mix (LogixPro, Factory IO, and the vendor IDEs), read our broader roundup, Best PLC Simulator 2026. This post is specifically about free and online / no-install tools.

If you want to skip the roundup and test a rung immediately, open the free ladder logic simulator; its page explains the supported workflow and boundaries before you start.

What to look for in a free simulator

Before the table, here is what actually matters when you are starting out:

  • Ladder logic support. Ladder (LD) is the most widely deployed PLC language. Almost any learner should be able to draw contacts and coils.
  • Runs in a browser, no install. The fastest path from "curious" to "writing logic" is a URL. No admin rights, no Windows VM on a Mac, no license server.
  • Free with no license key. Some "free" tools are time-limited trials. We flag those.
  • Learning structure. A blank sandbox teaches you the editor; a sequence of graded exercises teaches you PLC programming. That difference matters a lot for beginners.

Comparison table

Free online PLC simulators comparison — browser support, free tier and auto-graded exercises

Reference tableSwipe
SimulatorBrowser-based?Free tierLadder / ST supportAuto-graded exercises?Best for
PLC Simulation Software (us)YesYes (free scenarios)LD + STYesStructured, graded practice from zero
PLCfiddleYesYesLadderNoQuick ladder sandbox / sharing snippets
plcsimulator.onlineYesYesLadder (sandbox-style)NoFree browser doodling with ladder
OpenPLCNo (install / runtime)Yes (open-source)LD + ST + others (IEC 61131-3)NoReal runtime on a Pi or PC, open-source
CODESYSNo (install IDE)Yes (dev IDE)LD + ST + all IEC langsNoIndustry-grade tooling, FBD/SFC, SoftPLC
LogixProNo (Windows)No — paid trainerLadder (RSLogix-style)Built-in lab activitiesAllen-Bradley RSLogix 500 look-and-feel
Factory IONo (Windows)No — trial onlyConnects to a PLC (3D process)No (it is the process, not the logic)3D process visualisation

Claims above reflect the tools as of 2026. Free tiers and feature sets change — always check the current site before you commit time.

The simulators, one by one

PLC Simulation Software (this site)

Runs in the browser with nothing to install. You write real ladder logic — and structured text — against a live machine model, and the scenarios are auto-graded: the simulator runs your program through defined test cases and tells you pass or fail, the same way an instructor would. The free tier gives you a set of scenarios and structured beginner lessons. Its wedge is the graded, guided path rather than a blank canvas. The trade-off: it is a learning environment, not a drop-in replacement for a vendor IDE you will use on the plant floor.

PLCfiddle

A free, browser-based ladder sandbox — think of it as a "fiddle" for PLC logic, in the spirit of JSFiddle. You drop contacts and coils onto rungs and watch them simulate, and you can share a snippet by URL. Great for a fast experiment or to illustrate a rung to someone. There is no graded curriculum, so you supply your own learning structure.

plcsimulator.online

A free, browser-based ladder simulator aimed at letting you sketch and run logic without an install. It is sandbox-style: useful for free practice and seeing a rung scan, but it does not walk you through a structured course or grade your work. Check the current site for the exact feature set, as these lightweight tools evolve.

OpenPLC

OpenPLC is a free, open-source PLC project — an editor plus a runtime you can deploy to a Raspberry Pi, an Arduino-class board, or a plain PC acting as a SoftPLC. It supports the IEC 61131-3 languages including ladder and structured text. It is not a browser sandbox: you install the editor and runtime. If you want to control real I/O cheaply or understand how a runtime actually executes a program, OpenPLC is excellent and genuinely free.

CODESYS

CODESYS is the free development IDE behind a large share of the industrial market — many vendors ship CODESYS-based runtimes. The IDE is free to download and gives you all five IEC 61131-3 languages (LD, ST, FBD, SFC, IL) plus a software PLC for simulation. It is professional-grade and a great way to learn the toolchain used in industry. The trade-off for a beginner: it is a heavy Windows install with a steeper learning curve, and there is no guided, graded curriculum out of the box.

LogixPro — note: not free

LogixPro is a popular Allen-Bradley-style ladder trainer that mimics the RSLogix 500 environment, with built-in lab simulations (traffic lights, batch mixing, and so on). It is a paid Windows product, not a free or online tool — we include it because people searching "free PLC simulator" often have LogixPro in mind. If you specifically want the RSLogix look-and-feel, it is worth knowing about, but budget for the license.

Factory IO — note: trial only

Factory IO is a 3D factory simulation: you build a virtual conveyor, sorter, or palletiser and drive it from a PLC. It is impressive for visualising a real process, but it is a paid product with a time-limited trial, and it is the process side — you still need a PLC or SoftPLC to provide the logic. Not a free online ladder simulator, but the best pick if 3D process visualisation is your goal.

What makes a free simulator actually useful for learning

A simulator that just gives you a blank editor teaches you one thing well: the editor. That is genuinely valuable — sandboxes like PLCfiddle and plcsimulator.online are great for trying an idea fast or sharing a rung.

But "I drew a rung and it lit up" is not the same as "I can solve a control problem." The gap is structure and feedback:

  • Structured practice means a sequence — start/stop seal-in, then a timer, then an interlock, then a counter — so you build skills in a sensible order instead of staring at an empty canvas wondering what to try.
  • Auto-grading means the simulator runs your logic against defined test cases and tells you whether it actually works, including the edge cases you would not think to test yourself. That is the difference between thinking your motor starter is correct and knowing it handles the stop-while-running case.

This is our deliberate wedge — graded, guided scenarios — and it is why we built the PLC ladder logic simulator the way we did. It is not a knock on the sandboxes; it is a different job. If you already know what you are doing, a sandbox is faster. If you are learning from zero, graded practice gets you there with fewer wrong turns.

Which should you pick?

By use case:

  • Absolute beginner, want to learn properly → Start with a structured, graded tool in the browser so you get feedback as you go. Our free scenarios are built exactly for this. Once the fundamentals click, branch out.
  • Just want to doodle a rung right now → A browser sandbox like PLCfiddle is the fastest no-account option.
  • Allen-Bradley / RSLogix learner → LogixPro mirrors that environment closely (paid). For free practice of the same ladder concepts, use a browser simulator first, then move to the vendor tooling.
  • Siemens learner → No free Siemens-specific browser simulator exists; learn ladder and structured text fundamentals in a free simulator, then practise the TIA Portal workflow in Siemens' own software.
  • Want a 3D process to control → Factory IO (trial), driven by a SoftPLC such as CODESYS or OpenPLC.
  • Want a real, free, open-source runtime → OpenPLC, especially if you want to drive real I/O on a Raspberry Pi.

There is no single "best" — the right tool depends on whether you are learning fundamentals, mirroring a specific vendor, or visualising a process. For a wider list that also covers the paid trainers and vendor IDEs side by side, see Best PLC Simulator 2026.

Start in your browser, right now

If you want structured, auto-graded ladder practice with nothing to install, you can start in the browser this minute. Write real ladder logic against a live machine model, run it, and get told whether it passes — the free tier includes a set of scenarios to work through.


Try the free, auto-graded scenarios in your browser. No install. No license key. Write real ladder logic against a live machine model and get instant pass/fail feedback.

Open the PLC simulator free →

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Software evaluation field guide

Best free online PLC simulators: implementation, evidence and troubleshooting

Direct answer

Best free online PLC simulators becomes useful when it connects the learner task, device available, language needed and evidence expected at the end with account, browser support, ladder or st, runtime, virtual i/o, machine physics, lessons, saving and sharing, then proves one start-stop or timer case run from a fresh session under normal, boundary, fault and recovery conditions. The objective is a repeatable engineering or learning result, not merely activity inside a page or tool.

This guide is written for beginners, educators and technicians comparing browser-accessible PLC practice before paying for a course or desktop tool. The intended result is specific: the reader can test each candidate against the same language, runtime, I/O, machine, saving and access requirements.

System map / 02

Six concepts that control the result

Treat these as connected checkpoints. Each checkpoint has an expected state, an observable state and a boundary to the next part of the system. That structure prevents a software indication from being mistaken for physical proof.

NODE 01observable

Define the operating contract

the learner task, device available, language needed and evidence expected at the end. For free online PLC simulator selection, record the initial condition, actor, requested change, observable result and stopping condition before selecting a tool or implementation.

NODE 02observable

Map the evidence path

account, browser support, ladder or ST, runtime, virtual I/O, machine physics, lessons, saving and sharing. Separate request, internal state, output or service, physical or user-visible result and independent feedback so each boundary can be inspected.

NODE 03observable

Prove normal operation

one start-stop or timer case run from a fresh session. Run more than one cycle from a known state and retain the values, timings or artifacts that demonstrate repeatability.

NODE 04observable

Exercise a boundary case

usage limits, project persistence, unsupported instructions, offline access, accessibility and privacy. Choose minimum, maximum, simultaneous, delayed or restart conditions that reveal assumptions hidden by the happy path.

NODE 05observable

Diagnose a controlled fault

an editor, runtime, I/O, save or feedback limitation exposed by the representative task. Preserve the first symptom, divide the system at a measurable boundary and change one condition only after predicting the result.

NODE 06observable

Transfer and hand over

a scored shortlist and next step into target-platform or physical practice. Restore normal state, remove temporary changes, repeat affected checks and document which claims remain limited to the learning environment.

Procedure / 03

A six-step practice and commissioning workflow

Run the steps in order the first time. Later, the same structure becomes a diagnostic loop: define the expected condition, observe the boundary, interpret the difference and choose one proving action.

  1. 01

    Write the acceptance case

    Convert the learner task, device available, language needed and evidence expected at the end into initial conditions, one stimulus and observable pass criteria.

    Evidence: Another person can repeat the case without guessing the intended result.

    Avoid: Using page completion or an animation as the acceptance criterion.

  2. 02

    Build the map

    Document account, browser support, ladder or st, runtime, virtual i/o, machine physics, lessons, saving and sharing and name who owns each state or decision.

    Evidence: Every request and result has a source, destination and useful inspection point.

    Avoid: Using the same value as command, status and independent feedback.

  3. 03

    Run the baseline

    Apply one start-stop or timer case run from a fresh session from a clean start and record the expected evidence.

    Evidence: Repeated runs produce the same bounded result.

    Avoid: Changing several parameters before a baseline exists.

  4. 04

    Challenge assumptions

    Test usage limits, project persistence, unsupported instructions, offline access, accessibility and privacy without changing the acceptance contract.

    Evidence: Limits, timing and restart behavior reach defined states.

    Avoid: Testing only one ideal sequence.

  5. 05

    Isolate one failure

    Introduce or analyse an editor, runtime, i/o, save or feedback limitation exposed by the representative task and locate the first disagreement.

    Evidence: The proving action distinguishes the leading hypotheses.

    Avoid: Resetting, forcing or replacing before evidence is retained.

  6. 06

    Close the evidence loop

    Complete a scored shortlist and next step into target-platform or physical practice and repeat the affected regression cases.

    Evidence: An evaluation is complete when the same representative job is tested in each candidate and differences are recorded as evidence rather than inferred from feature labels.

    Avoid: Treating an acknowledged message or one successful rerun as handover.

Diagnostic matrix / 04

Symptoms, proving points and next actions

The table is a reasoning aid, not a parts-replacement chart. Preserve the initial symptom, inspect the named boundary and use the interpretation to choose the next controlled test. Site safety procedures and equipment manuals remain authoritative.

Diagnostic symptoms, inspection points, interpretations and next actions for Best free online PLC simulators: implementation, evidence and troubleshooting
Observed symptomInspectInterpretationNext proving action
The expected result is unclearRequirement, initial state, actor, stimulus, units and pass conditionThe evaluator, instructor and technical buyer may be solving different versions of the task.Rewrite one observable acceptance case before continuing.
Internal state changes but the outcome does notRequest, final owner, output or service boundary and independent feedbackA software or interface indication proves intent at one layer, not the complete outcome.Trace the first boundary after the changing state.
Normal case passes but an edge case failsLimits, timing, simultaneous events, reset and restart assumptionsThe implementation contains a hidden assumption exposed by the changed condition.Add the failed boundary as a permanent regression case.
The failure disappears after resetOriginal symptom, histories, diagnostics, timestamps and active causeReset changed evidence or state without proving the initiating cause.Reproduce under a controlled condition and preserve pre/post-event data.
Simulator and target disagreeModel boundary, software version, task timing, I/O behavior, data types and configurationA learning model and the intended target do not share one of the recorded assumptions.Reduce the case and verify against current target documentation.
The result cannot be explainedPrediction, observation, proving action, alternative hypotheses and limitationsActivity occurred but the evidence is not yet transferable or reviewable.Have the learner defend the signal path and repeat a changed case.

Product evidence / 05

What the browser practice can actually demonstrate

The public product surface exposes runnable examples, capability boundaries, pricing context and test-harness behavior that can be checked before a purchasing decision.

Where simulation stops

Free access and feature limits change. A browser simulator teaches and tests bounded behavior but does not replace official controller emulation or hardware commissioning.

Commissioning notebook / 06

Six cases that turn the concepts into evidence

Use these as written briefs rather than click-through instructions. For every case, state the expected condition before acting, retain the first useful observation and explain why the final result proves the requirement. A different program or component choice can still be correct when it produces the same bounded behavior and evidence.

Case 01

predict → observe → prove

Prove define the operating contract

Engineering context. the learner task, device available, language needed and evidence expected at the end. For free online PLC simulator selection, record the initial condition, actor, requested change, observable result and stopping condition before selecting a tool or implementation. Begin with a written normal condition and identify which request, state, physical result or communication value will provide independent confirmation. Do not begin by changing the configuration; the initial state is part of the evidence and should remain reproducible.

Controlled setup. Use the “Write the acceptance case” stage of the workflow: convert the learner task, device available, language needed and evidence expected at the end into initial conditions, one stimulus and observable pass criteria. The acceptance record should show this result: another person can repeat the case without guessing the intended result. Record initial conditions, the exact stimulus and the observation point so another learner can repeat the case without relying on your memory.

Fault challenge. Introduce or analyse “The expected result is unclear” as one bounded deviation. Inspect requirement, initial state, actor, stimulus, units and pass condition The working interpretation is that the evaluator, instructor and technical buyer may be solving different versions of the task. The next proving action is to rewrite one observable acceptance case before continuing. Change only one condition before observing the result, and preserve timestamps or measurements where timing matters.

Review and recovery. The most common trap here is using page completion or an animation as the acceptance criterion. After restoring the cause, repeat the normal case and at least one stop, timeout, disconnect or restart boundary relevant to this topic. Remove temporary forces and bypasses, return the model to a known state and retain the evidence that both operation and recovery are deliberate.

Explain it aloud: What should I learn first about free online PLC simulator selection? A defensible short answer is: Start with the operating contract and evidence path: the learner task, device available, language needed and evidence expected at the end, followed by account, browser support, ladder or st, runtime, virtual i/o, machine physics, lessons, saving and sharing. Add advanced features only after the baseline is predictable.

Case 02

predict → observe → prove

Prove map the evidence path

Engineering context. account, browser support, ladder or ST, runtime, virtual I/O, machine physics, lessons, saving and sharing. Separate request, internal state, output or service, physical or user-visible result and independent feedback so each boundary can be inspected. Begin with a written normal condition and identify which request, state, physical result or communication value will provide independent confirmation. Do not begin by changing the configuration; the initial state is part of the evidence and should remain reproducible.

Controlled setup. Use the “Build the map” stage of the workflow: document account, browser support, ladder or st, runtime, virtual i/o, machine physics, lessons, saving and sharing and name who owns each state or decision. The acceptance record should show this result: every request and result has a source, destination and useful inspection point. Record initial conditions, the exact stimulus and the observation point so another learner can repeat the case without relying on your memory.

Fault challenge. Introduce or analyse “Internal state changes but the outcome does not” as one bounded deviation. Inspect request, final owner, output or service boundary and independent feedback The working interpretation is that a software or interface indication proves intent at one layer, not the complete outcome. The next proving action is to trace the first boundary after the changing state. Change only one condition before observing the result, and preserve timestamps or measurements where timing matters.

Review and recovery. The most common trap here is using the same value as command, status and independent feedback. After restoring the cause, repeat the normal case and at least one stop, timeout, disconnect or restart boundary relevant to this topic. Remove temporary forces and bypasses, return the model to a known state and retain the evidence that both operation and recovery are deliberate.

Explain it aloud: How do I practise free online PLC simulator selection effectively? A defensible short answer is: Use short cases with known initial conditions, a written prediction, one action and an observable result. Then alter a boundary or fault and explain why the evidence changed.

Case 03

predict → observe → prove

Prove prove normal operation

Engineering context. one start-stop or timer case run from a fresh session. Run more than one cycle from a known state and retain the values, timings or artifacts that demonstrate repeatability. Begin with a written normal condition and identify which request, state, physical result or communication value will provide independent confirmation. Do not begin by changing the configuration; the initial state is part of the evidence and should remain reproducible.

Controlled setup. Use the “Run the baseline” stage of the workflow: apply one start-stop or timer case run from a fresh session from a clean start and record the expected evidence. The acceptance record should show this result: repeated runs produce the same bounded result. Record initial conditions, the exact stimulus and the observation point so another learner can repeat the case without relying on your memory.

Fault challenge. Introduce or analyse “Normal case passes but an edge case fails” as one bounded deviation. Inspect limits, timing, simultaneous events, reset and restart assumptions The working interpretation is that the implementation contains a hidden assumption exposed by the changed condition. The next proving action is to add the failed boundary as a permanent regression case. Change only one condition before observing the result, and preserve timestamps or measurements where timing matters.

Review and recovery. The most common trap here is changing several parameters before a baseline exists. After restoring the cause, repeat the normal case and at least one stop, timeout, disconnect or restart boundary relevant to this topic. Remove temporary forces and bypasses, return the model to a known state and retain the evidence that both operation and recovery are deliberate.

Explain it aloud: What counts as proof of competence? A defensible short answer is: A repeatable artifact or system result plus an explanation of the signal path is stronger than time spent, screenshots or a copied answer. Physical competence requires separate supervised evidence.

Case 04

predict → observe → prove

Prove exercise a boundary case

Engineering context. usage limits, project persistence, unsupported instructions, offline access, accessibility and privacy. Choose minimum, maximum, simultaneous, delayed or restart conditions that reveal assumptions hidden by the happy path. Begin with a written normal condition and identify which request, state, physical result or communication value will provide independent confirmation. Do not begin by changing the configuration; the initial state is part of the evidence and should remain reproducible.

Controlled setup. Use the “Challenge assumptions” stage of the workflow: test usage limits, project persistence, unsupported instructions, offline access, accessibility and privacy without changing the acceptance contract. The acceptance record should show this result: limits, timing and restart behavior reach defined states. Record initial conditions, the exact stimulus and the observation point so another learner can repeat the case without relying on your memory.

Fault challenge. Introduce or analyse “The failure disappears after reset” as one bounded deviation. Inspect original symptom, histories, diagnostics, timestamps and active cause The working interpretation is that reset changed evidence or state without proving the initiating cause. The next proving action is to reproduce under a controlled condition and preserve pre/post-event data. Change only one condition before observing the result, and preserve timestamps or measurements where timing matters.

Review and recovery. The most common trap here is testing only one ideal sequence. After restoring the cause, repeat the normal case and at least one stop, timeout, disconnect or restart boundary relevant to this topic. Remove temporary forces and bypasses, return the model to a known state and retain the evidence that both operation and recovery are deliberate.

Explain it aloud: Why test faults and restart behavior? A defensible short answer is: Because an editor, runtime, i/o, save or feedback limitation exposed by the representative task or usage limits, project persistence, unsupported instructions, offline access, accessibility and privacy can expose assumptions that never appear during ideal startup and steady operation.

Case 05

predict → observe → prove

Prove diagnose a controlled fault

Engineering context. an editor, runtime, I/O, save or feedback limitation exposed by the representative task. Preserve the first symptom, divide the system at a measurable boundary and change one condition only after predicting the result. Begin with a written normal condition and identify which request, state, physical result or communication value will provide independent confirmation. Do not begin by changing the configuration; the initial state is part of the evidence and should remain reproducible.

Controlled setup. Use the “Isolate one failure” stage of the workflow: introduce or analyse an editor, runtime, i/o, save or feedback limitation exposed by the representative task and locate the first disagreement. The acceptance record should show this result: the proving action distinguishes the leading hypotheses. Record initial conditions, the exact stimulus and the observation point so another learner can repeat the case without relying on your memory.

Fault challenge. Introduce or analyse “Simulator and target disagree” as one bounded deviation. Inspect model boundary, software version, task timing, I/O behavior, data types and configuration The working interpretation is that a learning model and the intended target do not share one of the recorded assumptions. The next proving action is to reduce the case and verify against current target documentation. Change only one condition before observing the result, and preserve timestamps or measurements where timing matters.

Review and recovery. The most common trap here is resetting, forcing or replacing before evidence is retained. After restoring the cause, repeat the normal case and at least one stop, timeout, disconnect or restart boundary relevant to this topic. Remove temporary forces and bypasses, return the model to a known state and retain the evidence that both operation and recovery are deliberate.

Explain it aloud: Can browser practice replace official software or hardware? A defensible short answer is: No. It can build concepts and diagnostic reasoning. Exact firmware, I/O electrical behavior, networking, safety and commissioning require current official tools, documentation and target equipment.

Case 06

predict → observe → prove

Prove transfer and hand over

Engineering context. a scored shortlist and next step into target-platform or physical practice. Restore normal state, remove temporary changes, repeat affected checks and document which claims remain limited to the learning environment. Begin with a written normal condition and identify which request, state, physical result or communication value will provide independent confirmation. Do not begin by changing the configuration; the initial state is part of the evidence and should remain reproducible.

Controlled setup. Use the “Close the evidence loop” stage of the workflow: complete a scored shortlist and next step into target-platform or physical practice and repeat the affected regression cases. The acceptance record should show this result: an evaluation is complete when the same representative job is tested in each candidate and differences are recorded as evidence rather than inferred from feature labels. Record initial conditions, the exact stimulus and the observation point so another learner can repeat the case without relying on your memory.

Fault challenge. Introduce or analyse “The result cannot be explained” as one bounded deviation. Inspect prediction, observation, proving action, alternative hypotheses and limitations The working interpretation is that activity occurred but the evidence is not yet transferable or reviewable. The next proving action is to have the learner defend the signal path and repeat a changed case. Change only one condition before observing the result, and preserve timestamps or measurements where timing matters.

Review and recovery. The most common trap here is treating an acknowledged message or one successful rerun as handover. After restoring the cause, repeat the normal case and at least one stop, timeout, disconnect or restart boundary relevant to this topic. Remove temporary forces and bypasses, return the model to a known state and retain the evidence that both operation and recovery are deliberate.

Explain it aloud: How should progress be documented? A defensible short answer is: Keep the requirement, initial state, program or configuration, observed values, fault hypothesis, proving action, recovery result and a concise limitations statement.

Answer surface / 07

Questions people ask about Best free online PLC simulators

These concise answers define the operating, training and product boundaries most often missed in broad summaries. The full workflow and diagnostic table above provide the evidence behind them.

What should I learn first about free online PLC simulator selection?

Start with the operating contract and evidence path: the learner task, device available, language needed and evidence expected at the end, followed by account, browser support, ladder or st, runtime, virtual i/o, machine physics, lessons, saving and sharing. Add advanced features only after the baseline is predictable.

How do I practise free online PLC simulator selection effectively?

Use short cases with known initial conditions, a written prediction, one action and an observable result. Then alter a boundary or fault and explain why the evidence changed.

What counts as proof of competence?

A repeatable artifact or system result plus an explanation of the signal path is stronger than time spent, screenshots or a copied answer. Physical competence requires separate supervised evidence.

Why test faults and restart behavior?

Because an editor, runtime, i/o, save or feedback limitation exposed by the representative task or usage limits, project persistence, unsupported instructions, offline access, accessibility and privacy can expose assumptions that never appear during ideal startup and steady operation.

Can browser practice replace official software or hardware?

No. It can build concepts and diagnostic reasoning. Exact firmware, I/O electrical behavior, networking, safety and commissioning require current official tools, documentation and target equipment.

How should progress be documented?

Keep the requirement, initial state, program or configuration, observed values, fault hypothesis, proving action, recovery result and a concise limitations statement.

What should I do when the answer differs from a guide?

Check assumptions, version, units and initial state first. Reduce the case, compare one boundary at a time and prefer current primary documentation for target-specific behavior.

When is a free online PLC simulator selection exercise finished?

An evaluation is complete when the same representative job is tested in each candidate and differences are recorded as evidence rather than inferred from feature labels.