Basic
30 min

Chiller Lead-Lag Sequencing

HVACchillerlead-lagREALalarm

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Chiller Lead-Lag Sequencing scenario preview

Briefing

Three chillers serve a building cooling loop in a lead-lag arrangement. As cooling demand rises, additional units are staged on. When demand falls, lag units are shed. Runtime hours rotate the lead chiller each day to equalise wear. A chiller alarm removes that unit from the rotation and hands load to the next available unit.

Objectives

  • COOLING_DEMAND >30% starts the lead chiller (CHILLER1_RUN initially)
  • COOLING_DEMAND >60% stages on the first lag chiller
  • COOLING_DEMAND >85% stages on the second lag chiller
  • Chiller demand drops <25% sheds lag1; drops <55% sheds lag2 (hysteresis)
  • CHILLER1_ALARM (or 2 or 3) removes that unit from service; next available takes over
  • RESET_PB clears alarms and re-enables faulted chillers

Hints

  • Use an array or three bits to track lead/lag order; rotate on a daily (simulated) basis
  • Hysteresis: stage-on thresholds are 30/60/85%, shed thresholds are 25/55/80%
  • An alarmed chiller must be excluded from both lead and lag selection

I/O Table

Inputs

COOLING_DEMAND

Cooling demand signal 0–100%

REAL · %IW0

CHILLER1_ALARM

Chiller 1 fault/alarm

BOOL · %I0.0

CHILLER2_ALARM

Chiller 2 fault/alarm

BOOL · %I0.1

CHILLER3_ALARM

Chiller 3 fault/alarm

BOOL · %I0.2

RESET_PB

Alarm reset push-button

BOOL · %I0.3

STAGE1_DEMAND

Demand ≥30% (hysteresis, off <25%) — start 1st chiller

BOOL · %I0.4

STAGE2_DEMAND

Demand ≥60% (hysteresis, off <55%) — start 2nd chiller

BOOL · %I0.5

STAGE3_DEMAND

Demand ≥85% (hysteresis, off <80%) — start 3rd chiller

BOOL · %I0.6

Outputs

CHILLER1_RUN

Chiller 1 run command

BOOL · %Q0.0

CHILLER2_RUN

Chiller 2 run command

BOOL · %Q0.1

CHILLER3_RUN

Chiller 3 run command

BOOL · %Q0.2

Your program will be tested against:

All test cases run automatically when you submit. Assertions are hidden until you pass.

  1. #1Lead chiller starts when demand exceeds 30%

    COOLING_DEMAND=40 -> CHILLER1_RUN (initial lead)

  2. #2Lag chiller stages on at >60% demand

    COOLING_DEMAND=65 -> lead + lag1 running

  3. #3All 3 chillers run at >85% demand

    COOLING_DEMAND=90 -> all chillers on

  4. #4Chiller alarm removes unit from service

    CHILLER1_ALARM while running -> CHILLER1_RUN stops, next unit starts

  5. #5Lag chiller sheds when demand drops

    Demand drops from 65% to 20% -> only lead runs

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Runnable simulator field guide

Chiller sequencing PLC scenario: test checklist

Direct answer

The learner can state every transition in a two-chiller sequence and prove demand rise, demand fall, unavailable equipment, failed proof and restart cases without short cycling.

Written for building-automation and controls learners implementing plant enable, chilled-water demand, equipment availability, lead rotation, staging, proof, alarms and orderly shutdown.

an instructor and technician validating chiller and duty-standby pump control on a stainless process training rig with visible instruments and feedback while studying lead-lag chiller sequencing, proof and recovery
System map / 02

NODE 01observable

Scenario setup

Load metric, enable conditions, chilled-water setpoint, deadband, minimum on and off times, equipment availability, lead rotation, pump and flow proof, staging delay and alarm policy.

NODE 02observable

I/O and state map

Temperature and demand through plant state, pump request, flow proof, selected chiller command, run proof, delivered capacity, staging decision and operator indication.

NODE 03observable

Normal run

Lead pump and chiller start in order, obtain proof, control load, stage lag only when required and stop in the declared reverse sequence.

NODE 04observable

Boundary run

Low load, rapid demand change, failed flow proof, unavailable lead, lag failure, sensor bias, manual mode, alarm reset and power return.

NODE 05observable

Injected fault

A demand, availability, selection, command, timing, proof, capacity, sensor, alarm or restart mismatch.

NODE 06observable

Target check

The sequence reviewed against equipment limits, building controls requirements, target code, trend data and witnessed functional-performance tests.

Answer surface / 07

How should two chillers be sequenced?

Define plant enable, pump and flow proof, lead selection, chiller start, capacity confirmation, lag staging, unloading, minimum timing and failed-equipment response.

What prevents chiller short cycling?

Use manufacturer-approved minimum on and off times, stable demand logic, appropriate deadbands and proof conditions, then test changing-load boundaries.